The Journal of Spinal Surgery

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2017 | January-March | Volume 4 | Issue 1

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EDITORIAL

S Balasundaram, K Rajendran, V Arulselvan

Diaphragm Pacing (Phrenic Nerve Stimulation) in a High Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Quadriplegic Patient

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:3] [Pages No:1 - 3]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1115  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Parthiban JKBC, Balasundaram S, Rajendran K, Arulselvan V, Sivakumar MN. Diaphragm Pacing (Phrenic Nerve Stimulation) in a High Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Quadriplegic Patient. J Spinal Surg 2017;4(1):1-3.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Arvind G Kulkarni, Shashidhar B Kantharajanna, Abhilash Dhruv, Anupreet Bassi

Do we need Transverse Connectors to maintain Derotation in Scoliosis Constructs?

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:4 - 8]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1116  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

There are numerous biomechanical studies, but no clinical study to support or refute the use of transverse connectors (TCs) in scoliosis constructs. The aim of the study is to critically assess the role of TCs in scoliosis constructs.

Material and methods

All patients of scoliosis that underwent pedicle screw constructs without the use of TCs between July 2007 and July 2011 were evaluated. The immediate postoperative erect radiographs were compared with the erect radiographs at the last follow-up (at least 12 months) by two independent observers (spine fellows). The radiographs were assessed critically for any rotation at the apical vertebra using the Nash–Moe technique. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability were analyzed. The radiographs were additionally evaluated for any loss of correction and implant failure.

Results

There were 28 cases in the study. The total number of levels fused was 277. The average follow-up was 33 months. The average preoperative Cobb angle of the major curve was 72.5° (40–110°) and postoperative angle was 24.75° (5–50°). The mean percentage correction in the preoperative and postoperative Cobb angle of the major curve was 68.88% (46.80–92.3%). The intraobserver reliability was 100%; there was no change in the rotation of the levels evaluated by either observer. The interobserver reliability was 100%. There were no cases of implant failure. There were two cases of distal junctional kyphosis requiring extension of construct distally, not attributable to implant characteristics.

Conclusion

The TCs are not essential to maintain derotation and do not add to stability of long scoliosis constructs. The authors make a strong statement that TCs may not be necessary to maintain derotation in scoliosis constructs.

Clinical significance

The additional complications of implant prominence, metal corrosion, skin breakdown, pseudoarthrosis, and costs can be prevented by excluding TCs from the scoliosis constructs.

How to cite this article

Kulkarni AG, Kantharajanna SB, Dhruv A, Bassi A. Do we need Transverse Connectors to maintain Derotation in Scoliosis Constructs? J Spinal Surg 2017;4(1):4-8.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

PK Balakrishnan, PT Baburaj

Caregiver's Burden in Rehabilitation of Patients with Neurological Deficits following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:9 - 13]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1117  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is an emerging public health problem reaching epidemic proportions. Reduced functional capacity after SCI not only affects the quality of life (QOL) of the patient, but also creates an added social, financial, and psychological burden on the family. Caregiver is responsible for providing the patient with physical, emotional, and functional support. Therefore, the increasing burden on the caregiver worsens all the domains constituting the QOL of the patient. Thus, the understanding of caregiver burden in terms of demographic profile of caregivers, severity of SCI, cost of care, mode of treatment adopted, and employment and education of the caregiver is important in the rehabilitation of patients with SCI.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional analytical questionnaire survey was performed with 50 SCI patients and their primary caregivers at a tertiary care institution between June and September 2016. The caregiver burden was assessed using the Zarit burden interview scale, and its relation with severity of injury and type of treatment was analyzed using nonparametric statistics. The demographic variables influencing caregiver burden were also studied.

Results

About 38% of patients had complete SCI. About 34% of caregivers of patients were their own spouse. The mean age of caregiver was 42.9 ± 1.2 years. The majority (44%) of caregivers had moderate burden. Completeness of SCI significantly influenced caregiver burden (p = 0.02). Type of treatment adopted did not influence the caregiver burden (p = 0.52). Employment status and education of caregiver were found to be significantly associated with caregiver burden (p = 0.001 and p = 0.046 respectively).

Conclusion

Caregivers had significant burden of care in terms of severity of SCI. Age, employment status, education, and marital status affect caregiving burden. We hope the results of the study will guide experimental research in this field, motivating the health care professionals in providing early psychological intervention leading to positive belief and attitude change in society. The study will encourage society in focusing on community-based rehabilitation, which can potentially reduce the overall burden.

How to cite this article

Gopal VV, Baburaj PT, Balakrishnan PK. Caregiver's Burden in Rehabilitation of Patients with Neurological Deficits following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. J Spinal Surg 2017;4(1):9-13.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Ioannis Siasios, Kunal Vakharia, Joseph M Kowalski, Vassilios G Dimopoulos, John Pollina

C1-C2 Posterior Cervical Fixation by a Harms Technique Modification

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:14 - 18]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1118  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

The unique anatomy of the upper cervical spine in conjunction with its supportive role in the axial stabilization and rotatory function of the head increases the surgical risk and associated complications for corrective surgeries performed in this spinal region. C1-C2 posterior fixation is indicated in the occurrence of instability at the craniocervical junction; and it can be performed by specific surgical techniques, such as the Harms and Magerl techniques. In this technical note, the authors present a simplified modification of the Harms technique that increases the accuracy of screw placement in the lateral mass of the C1 vertebra and in the pedicle of the C2 vertebra. This modification provides a secure path for screw placement by obtaining fluoroscopic images of K-wires inserted in the lateral masses of C1 and the pedicles of C2 as in the original technique. According to this technique, a pin driver is used to guide a K-wire through the initially marked entry point to the lateral mass of C1. After fluoroscopic confirmation of the optimal position of the guidewire, a cannulated hand drill is placed over the guidewire. A pilot hole is drilled in the same trajectory for the screw placement under fluoroscopic control. Then the guidewire and the hand drill are removed and an appropriately sized 3.5 mm polyaxial screw is placed with a hand drill under confirmation of the correct position with anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopy. The same procedure is followed for the placement of the C2 pedicle screws. Then, a small rod is placed and secured within the polyaxial screw heads of the C1 and C2 screws bilaterally. Decortication of the spinous processes of the involved vertebrae and the occiput is the final step before closure of the fascia, cervical muscle layer, subcutaneous tissue, and skin.

How to cite this article

Siasios I, Vakharia K, Kowalski JM, Dimopoulos VG, Pollina J. C1-C2 Posterior Cervical Fixation by a Harms Technique Modification. J Spinal Surg 2017;4(1):14-18.

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CASE REPORT

Rajesh K Barooah, Abinash Dutta

A Rare Case of Intramedullary Dermoid with Atypical Presentation

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:3] [Pages No:19 - 21]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1119  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background

Intraspinal dermoid cysts are rare and benign tumors that occur primarily due to the defective closure of the neural tube, an ectodermal derivative, during the process of development. They can appear subdurally, extramedullary or intramedullary, with intramedullary presentations being relatively rare.

Case presentation

We present here a 24-year-old lady with low backache radiating to both lower limbs, with tingling and numbness of both lower limbs for 3 years. MRI study of the lumbosacral spine revealed a heterogeneous intradural mass lesion in the conus medullaris region at L2-L3 level (low lying cord) displacing the traversing nerve roots. Total excision of the tumor was tone and sent for biopsy which revealed keratinocytes with keratin flakes, based on which a diagnosis of dermoid was made.

Conclusion

The intramedullary location of a primary dermoid cyst an adult is rare and thus makes this case a very unique and rare entity Keywords : dermoid cysts, intramedullary lesions, spinal cord tumours.

How to cite this article

Barooah RK, Dutta A. A Rare Case of Intramedullary Dermoid with Atypical Presentation. J Spinal Surg 2017;4(1):19-21.

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CASE REPORT

Arjun Dhar, Apurva Prasad

Silent Spinal Cord Tumor

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:22 - 25]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1120  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors are rare, representing 4 to 10% of all central nervous system tumors. They account for 20% of all intraspinal tumors in adults and 35% of all intraspinal tumors in children.

Study design

Observational study.

Purpose

Understanding the natural progression of an intramedullary spinal cord tumor.

Materials and methods

To report a case of silent intradural intramedullary spinal cord tumor in a 38-year-old patient, on regular follow-up in the outpatient department since 6 years.

Investigations

Magnetic resonance imaging thoracic spine revealing intramedullary tumor which is localized, central, uniformly enhancing on contrast and is associated with syrinx formation from D1 to D7.

Management

Conservative.

Conclusion

The rare incidence of intradural tumors commonly results in misdiagnosis and improper diagnostic workup, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Dilemma exists in the management of clinically silent intramedullary tumors as no specific guidelines have been formulated.

How to cite this article

Prasad A, Pawar SG, Dhar A, Ramani PS. Silent Spinal Cord Tumor. J Spinal Surg 2017;4(1):22-25.

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CASE REPORT

Arjun Dhar

Broken Spinous Process and Posterior Dynamic Stabilization

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:26 - 29]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1121  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

Complications occurring during surgery are not uncommon and may lead to abandoning of the procedure. Discussed here is one such case where complication was managed and optimal surgical treatment was carried out as was planned preoperatively.

Case report

A 72-year-old male planned for posterior dynamic stabilization (PDS) broke his spinous process during surgery without any undue stress or force. Spinous process was reconstructed and PDS done as planned with improvisation on table.

Conclusion

A broken spinous process during surgery was successfully reconstructed and stabilized with two Coflex dynamic devices at either end.

How to cite this article

Pawar SG, Prasad A, Dhar A, Ramani PS. Broken Spinous Process and Posterior Dynamic Stabilization. J Spinal Surg 2017;4(1):26-29.

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CASE REPORT

Shailesh Hadgaonkar, Ketan Khurjekar, Ajay Kothari, Navdeep Singh, Himanshu G Kulkarni, Nilay Kumar

Delta Fixation vs Interbody Fusion in Cases of High-grade Spondylolisthesis

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:3] [Pages No:30 - 32]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1122  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Kothari A, Khurjekar K, Hadgaonkar S, Singh N, Kulkarni HG, Sancheti P, Kumar N. Delta Fixation vs Interbody Fusion in Cases of High-grade Spondylolisthesis. J Spinal Surg 2017;4(1):30-32.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sanjay Behari

The Great Neurosurgeon and Spinal Surgery

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:33 - 37]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1123  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

K Krishnakumar, Suresh Nair, Joe M Das

Dystopic Os Odontoideum: A Rare Cause of Atlantoaxial Instability

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:2] [Pages No:38 - 39]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1124  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Das JM, Krishnakumar K, Nair S. Dystopic Os Odontoideum: A Rare Cause of Atlantoaxial Instability. J Spinal Surg 2017;4(1):38-39.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

MK Garg, Vikas Maheshwari, Chinmaya Srivastava, Amit Narang

Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hemorrhage causing Paraplegia

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:2] [Pages No:40 - 41]

   DOI: 10.5005/joss-4-1-40  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

626

RESEARCH ARTICLE

GK Prusty

Honoring the Past: A Prologue to Future Spine Surgery

[Year:2017] [Month:January-March] [Volume:4] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:42 - 46]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1125  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

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