World Journal of Dentistry

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2016 | July-September | Volume 7 | Issue 3

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Maniar Nikunj

Mastermind-like Gene Family: A New Ray of Hope in Cancer Therapeutics

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:2] [Pages No:111 - 112]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1376  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Nikunj M, Patil S. Mastermind-like Gene Family: A New Ray of Hope in Cancer Therapeutics. World J Dent 2016;7(3):111-112.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Nahla G El-Din El-Helbawy

In vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth reinforced with Different Apical Barriers and Obturation Combination

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:6] [Pages No:113 - 118]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1377  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

This study aimed to assess and compare the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth reinforced with Biodentine (BD) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as apical barriers and two root canal backfilling combination (gutta-percha/AH26, MetaSeal).

Materials and methods

A total of 70 extracted human maxillary incisors were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10). The positive control group was not instrumented. For the other groups, coronal access was made and root canals were instrumented using the ProTaper, up to F5 followed by six Peeso reamers which were allowed to pass 1 mm beyond the apex to size 6 (1.7 mm) to simulate immature teeth. The apical 4 mm of their root canals was filled with either MTA or BD apical barrier, then backfilled with gutta-percha/AH26 or MetaSeal obturation combination. The negative control group was left unfilled. Composite resin was used to restore the coronal access cavities. The maximum load for fracture of each tooth was recorded utilizing a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance.

Results

The noninstrumented group I had the highest fracture resistance and differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the negative control groups. On the contrary, no significant difference was found between BD and MTA groups, regardless of the backfilling combination (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

There was no difference between MTA and BD apical barriers and the backfilling combination regarding their resistance to root fracture.

How to cite this article

Shaheen NA, El-Din El-Helbawy NG. In vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth reinforced with Different Apical Barriers and Obturation Combination. World J Dent 2016;7(3):113-118.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

K Pradeep, MA Kuttappa, Adarsh Kudva, Roshni Butula

In vitro Comparison of Compressive Strength of Bulk-fill Composites and Nanohybrid Composite

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:4] [Pages No:119 - 122]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1378  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study is to measure and compare the compressive strength of two bulk-fill posterior composites (Smart dentin replacement or SDR and Filtek bulk fill) with universal nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z 250XT).

Materials and methods

In this in vitro study, three different types of posterior composites are used as follows: Group 1 – SDR (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); group 2 – Filtek bulk-fill (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); group 3 – Filtek Z-250XT (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). Ten cylindrical samples of 6 mm height and 4 mm diameter in each group were made using a split brass mold. The composites filled in the brass mold were photopolymerized using light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing unit and the cured samples were stored in water at 37°C for 48 hours before testing. The compressive strength of the stored samples was tested using universal testing machine (Instron 3366, UK) at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The compressive strength was calculated by dividing the maximum load with area of the samples.

Results

Results are statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test. Analysis showed that SDR and Filtek bulk-fill have greater compressive strength than Filtek Z-250 (p < 0.05). However, there is no statistical difference between compressive strength of SDR and Filtek bulk-fill composites (p > 0.05).

How to cite this article

Pradeep K, Ginjupalli K, Kuttappa MA, Kudva A, Butula R. In vitro Comparison of Compressive Strength of Bulk-fill Composites and Nanohybrid Composite. World J Dent 2016;7(3):119-122.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sangeeta U Nayak, Swati Pralhad

Evaluation of the Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions on Maintenance of Gingival Health

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:3] [Pages No:123 - 125]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1379  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

Tooth brushing is the most widespread means of controlling plaque at home. Research on instruction techniques for promotion of oral health abilities plays an important role in the prevention of periodontal diseases. Thus the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of written and oral individualized instructions of oral hygiene on gingivitis in an adult population.

Materials and methods

Sixty participants above the age of 18 years were included in the study. They were randomly allocated into one of the three groups: Oral instructions, written instructions, and oral individualized instructions. For all the participants, plaque and gingival indices were recorded using periodontal probe with Williams's markings and a mouth mirror, at baseline, at the end of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd week.

Results

Plaque and gingival index scores reduced in all the groups. However, it was seen that plaque index significantly reduced in the group receiving individualized instructions.

Conclusion

In view of the results of the present study, it can be implied that oral hygiene instructions should be provided, and they should be tailormade for each individual that would help correct the individual deficits in the learners.

How to cite this article

Nayak SU, Pralhad S. Evaluation of the Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions on Maintenance of Gingival Health. World J Dent 2016;7(3):123-125.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

SK Somayaji, Arul Amalan

Effect of Different Acidic Beverages on Microhardness of Nanohybrid Composite, Giomer, and Microhybrid Composite

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:3] [Pages No:126 - 128]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1380  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

Degradation in the oral cavity is a complex phenomenon, i.e., related to disintegration and dissolution of restorative materials in the oral cavity. Consumption of acidic food, fruit juices, and soft drinks can result in decrease in microhardness and bad esthetic appearance.

Materials and methods

Twenty-four disk-shaped specimens (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thickness) were made from each nanohybrid composite, giomer, and microhybrid composite. The specimens were dipped in Appy fizz, Nimbooz, and Thumbs Up for 50 seconds and washed with saline. This cycle was continued for six times each day. Such hardness test was carried out in regular intervals, that is, 7, 14, and 21 days.

Results

There was reduction in hardness after 7 and 14 days but no significant difference (p > 0.05). There was significant difference after 21 days of experimental models for giomer, ceramic, and spectra (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The microhardness of materials was reduced after 7 and 14 days, but significant difference was seen after 21 days.

How to cite this article

Somayaji SK, Amalan A, Ginjupalli K. Effect of Different Acidic Beverages on Microhardness of Nanohybrid Composite, Giomer, and Microhybrid Composite. World J Dent 2016;7(3):126-128.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Shashidhar Acharya, Ritesh Singla, Nishu Singla

Comparative Study of Lifestyle-related Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease among Urban and Rural Population of India

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:6] [Pages No:129 - 134]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1381  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

To compare participants’ lifestyle-related risk factors for periodontal disease between urban and rural population.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study consisting of a structured questionnaire on health practice index (HPI), oral health-related behavior, and personal habits as well as sociodemographic variables was conducted on 800 subjects aged 20 to 50 years attending dental outreach centers of Manipal College of Dental Sciences in urban and rural areas of Udupi District. Clinical examination for periodontal status was done by using community periodontal index, simplified oral hygiene index, and gingival index. Statistical analysis of the data was done using chi-square.

Results

It was found that except the number of hours of work/day (p = 0.02) urban participants had significantly better occupations, higher education, more income, better oral health care behaviors like dental visits, device of cleaning, frequency of cleaning, method of cleaning, healthier personal habits like tobacco chewing, pan chewing (< 0.001 respectively), physical exercise, mental stress levels and healthier overall lifestyles (p < 0.001 respectively) than the rural participants. It was also found that more number of urban participants had better oral hygiene status (p < 0.001), gingival status (p < 0.001), and healthier periodontium (p = 0.002) than the rural counterparts.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that rural participants had more lifestyle-related risk factors for periodontitis as well as less healthy periodontium than the urban participants. Patient's involvement in self-care by promoting healthy lifestyles is needed especially in rural areas where adequate treatment facilities are lacking.

How to cite this article

Singla R, Acharya S, Singla N. Comparative Study of Lifestyle-related Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease among Urban and Rural Population of India. World J Dent 2016;7(3):129-134.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

S Mohanavalli, E Suma, G Senthamarai, G Sree Vijayabala

Ocular Injuries in Association with Middle Third Facial Injuries in Developing Countries: A Prospective Study

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:6] [Pages No:135 - 140]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1382  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

The middle third of the face is the most common site of injury and is frequently complicated by associated ocular injuries. It may be simple laceration, ecchymosis, circumorbital edema, or severe as globe injury or injury to the optic nerve and vision loss. Even severe injury like internal bleeding causes increased intraocular pressure and damages the optic nerve; if managed earlier, it could prevent further damage and dysfunction of the eye. Midfacial fractures associated with ocular injuries should have an early ophthalmological examination to detect ocular injuries. Little is known about the current epidemiology of midface fractures and associated ocular injuries in Tamil Nadu, the state of India. The aim was to study the etiology and pattern of middle third fracture and associated ocular injuries.

Materials and methods

This prospective study on midface fractures was carried out in the Department of Dentistry to analyze etiology, incidence, and patterns of midface fractures and associated ocular injuries. A total of 201 patients who reported with the history of midface injuries were included in the study. These patients were examined clinically and routine radiographs and computerized tomography magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were taken to confirm the diagnosis. All the patients sustaining confirmed middle third fractures with or without eye signs were referred to an ophthalmology department for the evaluation and management of associated ophthalmic injury. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 16.0 was used for data analysis. The outcome of the study was measured using percentages, mean, standard deviation, and test of proportion as appropriate.

Results

Traffic accident was the major cause of injury, mainly by motorized two wheelers (MTWs). Males in the 21 to 40 age group were common victims. Zygomatic complex fracture was the most common fracture type. Subconjunctival hemorrhage and infraorbital nerve injuries were common clinical findings.

Conclusion

Midthird facial injury cases should have an early ophthalmological examination for timely management to prevent dysfunction of the eye.

How to cite this article

Mohanavalli S, Suma E, Senthamarai G, Vijayabala GS. Ocular Injuries in Association with Middle Third Facial Injuries in Developing Countries: A Prospective Study. World J Dent 2016;7(3):135-140.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Prajna P Nayak, Vamsee K Raju, Nandita Kshetrimayum, Laksmikantha Ramesh, Sushma Shankar Nayak, Vinayak Kamath

Dentists’ Outlook on Advertising in their Line of Work in Bengaluru, India: A Cross-sectional Study

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:5] [Pages No:141 - 145]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1383  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

Dentistry, being one of the healing professions, has a commitment to society that its members will adhere to high ethical standards of conduct. Dental Council of India (DCI), the regulating body for dental professionals in the country, has also given certain guidelines and regulations on advertising issues. But, studies on dentists’ opinion on the issues on advertising for dental professionals in India are very meager. Hence, the aim was to evaluate the opinion on advertising issues among practicing dentists from various dental colleges in Bengaluru, India.

Materials and methods

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 258 practicing dentists attached to various dental colleges in Bengaluru city. Chi-square test was used to determine the association of independent variables with each of the main outcome of interest.

Results

Out of 258 practicing dentists, nearly three quarters of practitioners (68.2%) agreed that there is a need for some form of advertising. Among those who agreed that there is a need for advertising, more than half of the practitioners (63.6%) said that it is required for popularity, visibility, and good business. When asked about which form of advertising can largely benefit their dental practice, 29.1% agreed on the patient testimonials, and 25.2% thought ads in magazines and newspapers are useful.

Conclusion

Nearly equal number of practitioners agreed and disagreed on the issue of whether advertising may make dentistry seem more like a trade than a health care service. More than three quarters of them agreed with the use of global advertising and tourism.

How to cite this article

Nayak PP, Raju VK, Kshetrimayum N, Ramesh L, Nayak SS, Kamath V. Dentists’ Outlook on Advertising in their Line of Work in Bengaluru, India: A Cross-sectional Study. World J Dent 2016;7(3):141-145.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Amulya Vangala, Saurabh R Doshi, Anisha Aparadh

Apical Extrusion of Sodium Hypochlorite using Various Mechanical Activators

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:4] [Pages No:146 - 149]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1384  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim

To evaluate the volume of sodium hypochlorite extruded from the apex on using various mechanical activators.

Materials and methods

Forty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were taken. Standardized access opening with chemicomechanical preparation till protaper F3 was done with 2 mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in between instrumentation of each file. The apical patency was checked with 10 K file. The teeth were then divided into four groups: Group I (n = 10) activation was done with #20 side-vented needle; group II (n = 10) activation was done with GP cones; group III (n = 10) activation was done with Irrisafe tips; group IV (n = 10) activation was done with endoactivator. As much as 10 mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite has been used with each group to activate the irrigant. The extruded sodium hypochlorite during activation with various systems was been collected in prepared apparatus. The obtained samples were analyzed for sodium ion concentration. Evaluation of the volume of sodium hypochlorite extruded from the apex was analyzed using absorption spectrometry. Then the above results were then statistically analyzed.

Results

Varying amount of apical extrusion was seen among the above study groups. Minimum amount of apical extrusion was seen with endoactivator. Maximum amount of apical extrusion was seen with needle irrigation followed by GP cones.

How to cite this article

Vangala A, Doshi SR, Aparadh A, Hegde V. Apical Extrusion of Sodium Hypochlorite using Various Mechanical Activators. World J Dent 2016;7(3):146-149.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sudhakara Reddy, Divya Teja Dalli, Sahithi Dathar, Rajesh Nallakunta, Preethi Madugula, Geetanjali Darna

Odontometrics: A Key to Gender Determination

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:5] [Pages No:150 - 154]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1385  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

Identification of an individual is a prerequisite for certification of death and for personal, social, and legal reasons. Sex determination is one of the important parameters in forensic identification. Tooth being strongest component can resist bacterial decomposition and fire when rest of the body is damaged beyond recognition. Sexual dimorphism refers to the systemic difference in the form between individuals of different sexes within the same species. Teeth of various species are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism. The present study aims to evaluate the linear dimensions of permanent molars and canines for sex determination and to estimate their level of accuracy.

Materials and methods

Sixty subjects were included in the study. Study casts were prepared and the dimensions of permanent canines and first permanent molars were measured as the greatest distance between the buccal and lingual surface as well as mesial and distal aspects of the crown by using digital vernier callipers.

Results

Discriminant function analysis had shown that males have greater mean mesio-distal (MD) and bucco lingual (BL)/ labio-lingual (LL) dimensions for each tooth in comparison to females. Right upper canine showed the maximum accuracy followed by right lower and left upper canines. Out of four molars, right lower molar showed maximum accuracy of 86.7%.

Conclusion

The present study showed the importance of linear dimensions of canines and molars in the assessment of sex and molars can be used as an alternative to canines when their evidence is missing in forensic investigations.

How to cite this article

Dalli DT, Reddy S, Dathar S, Nallakunta R, Madugula P, Darna G. Odontometrics: A Key to Gender Determination. World J Dent 2016;7(3):150-154.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Harry Agusnar, D Dennis

Watermelon (Citrullus Vulgaris): An Innovative Plant that accelerates the Healing of Pulpal Wound

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:7] [Pages No:155 - 161]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1386  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Introduction

Pulpal wounds are the result of injuries like iatrogenic procedures or traumatic to the pulp of teeth that disrupt the pulp. Healing of a wound is a complex and protected process of tissue repair and remodeling in response to injury. In tooth with pulpal exposure, the healing is to reconstitute the lost continuum at the pulp—dentin border in order to effectively restore the lost dentin structure.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted to investigate the phytoconstituents derived from watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) and to analyze the particle size of watermelon frost.

Results

Watermelon, the same as the other plants, contained triterpenoid/steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, and saponin, while the mean particle size is 12.34 ìm. It is seen that watermelon has the ability to promote wound healing as a result of injury.

Conclusion

Watermelon can be developed as a plant that has a therapeutic effect for tissue engineering in dentistry, especially in the field of conservation of teeth to maintain the health of dentin—pulp complex.

How to cite this article

Abidin T, Agusnar H, Dennis D. Watermelon (Citrullus Vulgaris): An Innovative Plant that accelerates the Healing of Pulpal Wound. World J Dent 2016;7(3):155-161

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Vinu T George

Management of Failed Long-span Single-piece Fixed Prosthesis with Metal—Ceramic Crowns and Cantilever Bridge with Predictable Esthetic Outcome

[Year:2016] [Month:July-September] [Volume:7] [Number:3] [Pages:5] [Pages No:162 - 166]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1387  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

How to cite this article

George VT. Management of Failed Long-span Single-piece Fixed Prosthesis with Metal—Ceramic Crowns and Cantilever Bridge with Predictable Esthetic Outcome. World J Dent 2016;7(3):162-166.

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