Apical four-chamber view
by Nanda Navin C, Karakus Gültekin, Degirmencioglu Aleks

Manual of Echocardiography

by Navin C Nanda, Gültekin Karakuş, Aleks Değirmencioğlu
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An apical four-chamber view, showing (clockwise from top left) the RV, LV, LA, and RA. In a normal heart, the RV can be identified by its triangular appearance, slightly apical position of the tricuspid annulus, the presence of trabeculations, and the more prominent contribution of the left ventricle to the apex. This plane assesses the atrioventricular valves (i.e. mitral and tricuspid), along with the interatrial septum (arrow) and interventricular septum (arrowhead). The pulmonary veins can be seen inserting into the posterior wall of the left atrium (asterisk).

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