Apex (clip two)
by Franklin B Saksena, Ranganathan Narasimhan, Sivaciyan Vahe

The Art and Science of Cardiac Physical Examination (With Heart Sounds, Jugular and Precordial Pulsations)

by Narasimhan Ranganathan, Vahe Sivaciyan, Franklin B Saksena
About Video

This video recording is made from a patient with significant aortic regurgitation. One can hear the systolic ejection murmur followed by a decrescendo blowing diastolic murmur on the audio recording made through a phono microphone placed over the left sternal border region. The first video clip shows the active movement of the chest wall at the area of the apex. The next clip shows a tongue blade held over this area by a tape. Note the active exaggerated and rapid movement of the tongue blade reflecting the hyperdynamic apex. In the apex clip seven from the same patient, the examiner tries to hold his finger tip placed over the apex area with some firm pressure. The large amplitude and fast rising active apical impulse is seen to lift and raise the finger tips despite firm pressure that is being applied. The apical impulse therefore is hyperdynamic. The apical impulse is also seen to cover a wider area extending laterally beyond the finger tip.

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